Riken Mehta
Moneycontrol.com
The number of equity brokers is on the decline, going by Sebi data till December 2011. This despite traded turnover on the bourses having nearly trebled over the last three-and-a-half years. Industry sources say more brokers would have shut shop during the first half of this calendar.
The reason for declining profitability of broking firms has to do with the shift of volumes from cash market to the futures and options (F&O) market where the broking fee is much lower. For instance, on a cash market turnover of Rs 10 lakh, the broker earns Rs 5000 as commission, whereas on the same turnover in the F&O market, the commission is just Rs 250. A sharp rise in the cost of funds too has hurt the bottomlines of brokerages, as they have to fund their clients’ positions till the cheques are encashed.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Moneycontrol.com
The number of equity brokers is on the decline, going by Sebi data till December 2011. This despite traded turnover on the bourses having nearly trebled over the last three-and-a-half years. Industry sources say more brokers would have shut shop during the first half of this calendar.
The reason for declining profitability of broking firms has to do with the shift of volumes from cash market to the futures and options (F&O) market where the broking fee is much lower. For instance, on a cash market turnover of Rs 10 lakh, the broker earns Rs 5000 as commission, whereas on the same turnover in the F&O market, the commission is just Rs 250. A sharp rise in the cost of funds too has hurt the bottomlines of brokerages, as they have to fund their clients’ positions till the cheques are encashed.
No comments:
Post a Comment